Analgesic

Classification of Analgesics

• Analgesics are categorized based on their mechanism of action.
• Different classes include opioids, NSAIDs, and paracetamol.
• Each class targets specific pathways in the body for pain relief.
• Understanding the classification helps in selecting appropriate drugs for different types of pain.
• Healthcare professionals use this classification to prescribe effective pain relief medications.

Specific Analgesics

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is used for mild to moderate pain.
• NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen reduce pain and inflammation.
• Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone act on brain receptors for pain relief.
• Each type of analgesic has its unique effects and potential side effects.

Combination Analgesics

• Analgesics are often combined for enhanced pain relief.
• Some combinations show synergistic effects, while others may have limited benefits.
• Healthcare providers should be cautious about potential adverse events, including accidental overdoses.

Alternative and Adjuvant Therapies

• Alternative medicine treatments can effectively relieve certain types of pain.
• Adjuvants like antidepressants, hydroxyzine, and pregabalin enhance analgesics’ effects.
• Dextromethorphan slows tolerance development to opioids, while carbamazepine and gabapentinoids are used for neuropathic pain.

Other Uses and Considerations

• Topical analgesia is recommended to avoid systemic side effects.
• Specific drugs like nefopam, flupirtine, and ziconotide are used for moderate to severe pain.
• Adverse effects and special considerations, such as toxicity and physical properties, should be monitored for safe analgesic use.

Analgesic Data Sources