Cannabis plants exhibit diverse phenotypes, with variations in physical characteristics, chemical composition, and other traits. The phenotype of a cannabis plant is determined by the expression of its genotype, as well as environmental factors. Factors like growing conditions, climate, and cultivation methods can influence the final phenotype.
Researchers have documented numerous cannabis phenotypes, including variations in plant structure, cannabinoid profiles, terpene production, and other characteristics. Understanding the relationship between cannabis genotypes and phenotypes is an active area of study, with implications for breeding, cultivation, and product development.
Phenotype and its Variations
- Phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an organism, influenced by genetic code and environmental factors.
- Phenotypic variation is crucial for evolution through natural selection.
- Genotype, environment, and their interactions contribute to the phenotype.
- The human phenome encompasses various neurobiological levels and behavioral traits.
- Random variations in traits can occur within individuals.
Extended Phenotype
- Richard Dawkins introduced the concept of extended phenotypes in 1978.
- Extended phenotypes include structures like bird nests and beaver dams.
- These structures are considered part of an organism’s phenotype.
- The extended phenotype concept expands the influence of genes beyond the organism’s body.
- Genes are selected based on their phenotypic effects.
Phenome and Phenomics
- Phenome refers to the set of all traits expressed by an organism.
- Phenomics studies observable traits collectively to identify genomic variants affecting health, disease, and evolutionary fitness.
- Phenomics plays a significant role in the Human Genome Project and agriculture for developing resilient GMOs.
- It can lead to personalized medicine and tailored drug therapy.
Linking Genotype and Phenotype
- Gene expression profiles and protein ensembles link tissues to phenotypes.
- Understanding genomes, genotypes, and phenotypes is crucial in biology.
- The Extended Phenotype concept explores genes’ influence on the environment.
- The Units of Selection theory discusses the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
Functional Genomics and Large-Scale Phenotyping
- Functional genomics studies gene functions through large-scale screens like insertional mutagenesis.
- Single-gene knockout mutants collections provide valuable resources for understanding gene functions.
- Large-scale mutagenesis and phenotypic screens help study the nervous system and behavior in various organisms.
- Phenomics technologies aim to relieve the phenotyping bottleneck and improve drug therapy.
- The Great Ape Phenome Project and PheWAS demonstrate the feasibility of discovering gene-disease associations.
Phenotype Data Sources
| Reference | URL |
|---|---|
| Glossary | https:/glossary/phenotype |
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype |
| Wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053 |
| Knowledge Graph | https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/0644t |
| DBPedia | http://dbpedia.org/resource/Phenotype |
| Product Ontology | http://www.productontology.org/id/Phenotype |